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51ec1c4157
* gettext-tools/src/format-python-brace.c (struct toplevel_counters): New type. (parse_directive): Take a 'struct toplevel_counters *' parameter. Allow empty argument names at the top-level. But reject format strings with both absolute argument numbers and unnamed arguments at the top-level. (parse_upto): Take a 'struct toplevel_counters *' parameter. (format_parse): Pass a 'struct toplevel_counters *' to parse_upto. * gettext-tools/tests/format-python-brace-1: Update. * gettext-tools/tests/format-python-brace-2: Add another test case. * gettext-tools/doc/lang-python.texi: Add more examples of formatting with positions.
119 lines
3.4 KiB
Plaintext
119 lines
3.4 KiB
Plaintext
@c This file is part of the GNU gettext manual.
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@c Copyright (C) 1995-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c See the file gettext.texi for copying conditions.
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@node Python
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@subsection Python
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@cindex Python
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@table @asis
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@item RPMs
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python
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@item Ubuntu packages
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python
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@item File extension
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@code{py}
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@item String syntax
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@code{'abc'}, @code{u'abc'}, @code{r'abc'}, @code{ur'abc'},
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@*@code{"abc"}, @code{u"abc"}, @code{r"abc"}, @code{ur"abc"},
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@*@code{'''abc'''}, @code{u'''abc'''}, @code{r'''abc'''}, @code{ur'''abc'''},
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@*@code{"""abc"""}, @code{u"""abc"""}, @code{r"""abc"""}, @code{ur"""abc"""}
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@item gettext shorthand
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@code{_('abc')} etc.
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@item gettext/ngettext functions
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@code{gettext.gettext}, @code{gettext.dgettext},
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@code{gettext.ngettext}, @code{gettext.dngettext},
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also @code{ugettext}, @code{ungettext}
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@item textdomain
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@code{gettext.textdomain} function, or
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@code{gettext.install(@var{domain})} function
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@item bindtextdomain
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@code{gettext.bindtextdomain} function, or
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@code{gettext.install(@var{domain},@var{localedir})} function
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@item setlocale
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not used by the gettext emulation
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@item Prerequisite
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@code{import gettext}
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@item Use or emulate GNU gettext
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emulate
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@item Extractor
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@code{xgettext}
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@item Formatting with positions
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@code{'...%(ident)d...' % @{ 'ident': value @}}
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@*@code{'...@{ident@}...'.format(ident=value)}
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@*@code{'...@{0@}...@{1@}...'.format(value0,value1)}
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@*@code{'...@{@}...@{@}...'.format(value0,value1)}
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@item Portability
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fully portable
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@item po-mode marking
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---
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@end table
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An example is available in the @file{examples} directory: @code{hello-python}.
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A note about format strings: Python supports format strings with unnamed
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arguments, such as @code{'...%d...'}, and format strings with named arguments,
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such as @code{'...%(ident)d...'}. The latter are preferable for
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internationalized programs, for two reasons:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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When a format string takes more than one argument, the translator can provide
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a translation that uses the arguments in a different order, if the format
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string uses named arguments. For example, the translator can reformulate
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@smallexample
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"'%(volume)s' has only %(freespace)d bytes free."
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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to
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@smallexample
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"Only %(freespace)d bytes free on '%(volume)s'."
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Additionally, the identifiers also provide some context to the translator.
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@item
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In the context of plural forms, the format string used for the singular form
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does not use the numeric argument in many languages. Even in English, one
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prefers to write @code{"one hour"} instead of @code{"1 hour"}. Omitting
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individual arguments from format strings like this is only possible with
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the named argument syntax. (With unnamed arguments, Python -- unlike C --
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verifies that the format string uses all supplied arguments.)
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@end itemize
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A note about f-strings (PEP 498): @code{xgettext}
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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syntactically recognizes f-strings,
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@item
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is able to extract f-strings that contain no sub-expressions.
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@end itemize
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@noindent
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However, @code{xgettext} does not extract f-strings marked for translation
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that contain sub-expressions. This will not work as expected:
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@smallexample
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_(f"The file @{file[i]@} does not exist.")
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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because the translator is generally not a programmer and should thus not be
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confronted with expressions from the programming language.
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@subheading Related software
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An internationalization system based on GNU gettext and PO files is
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@url{https://babel.pocoo.org/, Babel}.
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