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6
NEWS
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
-- sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written --
-- authorization. --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- $Id: NEWS,v 1.4273 2025/04/12 21:08:43 tom Exp $
-- $Id: NEWS,v 1.4275 2025/04/19 23:31:31 tom Exp $
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a log of changes that ncurses has gone through since Zeyd started
@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ See the AUTHORS file for the corresponding full names.
Changes through 1.9.9e did not credit all contributions;
it is not possible to add this information.
20250419
+ add note on scrolling and lower-right corner to waddch and wadd_wch
manual pages.
20250412
+ add pangoterm -TD
+ add kf1 to kf5 to sclp (report by Werner Fink)

2
VERSION
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@ -1 +1 @@
5:0:10 6.5 20250412
5:0:10 6.5 20250419

4
dist.mk
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
# use or other dealings in this Software without prior written #
# authorization. #
##############################################################################
# $Id: dist.mk,v 1.1664 2025/04/12 10:27:36 tom Exp $
# $Id: dist.mk,v 1.1665 2025/04/19 10:37:06 tom Exp $
# Makefile for creating ncurses distributions.
#
# This only needs to be used directly as a makefile by developers, but
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ SHELL = /bin/sh
# These define the major/minor/patch versions of ncurses.
NCURSES_MAJOR = 6
NCURSES_MINOR = 5
NCURSES_PATCH = 20250412
NCURSES_PATCH = 20250419
# We don't append the patch to the version, since this only applies to releases
VERSION = $(NCURSES_MAJOR).$(NCURSES_MINOR)

197
doc/html/man/curs_add_wch.3x.html
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@ -28,19 +28,19 @@
* sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
* authorization. *
****************************************************************************
* @Id: curs_add_wch.3x,v 1.114 2025/04/05 21:58:37 tom Exp @
* @Id: curs_add_wch.3x,v 1.115 2025/04/19 22:53:52 tom Exp @
-->
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<H1 class="no-header">curs_add_wch 3x 2025-04-05 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<H1 class="no-header">curs_add_wch 3x 2025-04-19 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
@ -157,16 +157,6 @@
until another spacing character is written to the window or the cursor
is moved.
If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region and
advancement occurs at the right margin, the cursor automatically wraps
to the beginning of the next line.
If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region when advancement
occurs at the right margin, and <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is enabled for <EM>win</EM>, the
scrolling region scrolls up one line and the cursor wraps as above.
Otherwise, advancement and scrolling do not occur, and <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> returns
<STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.
If <EM>wch</EM> is a backspace, carriage return, line feed, or tab, the cursor
moves appropriately within the window.
@ -180,36 +170,69 @@
margin.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Tab advances the cursor to the next tab stop (possibly on the next
line); these are placed at every eighth column by default. Alter
the tab interval with the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> extension; see
line); these are placed at every eighth column by default.
Alter the tab interval with the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> extension; see
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>.
If <EM>wch</EM> is any other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
form using the same convention as <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">wunctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>. Calling <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">win_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> on
the location of a nonprintable character does not return the character
If <EM>wch</EM> is any other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
form using the same convention as <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">wunctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>. Calling <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">win_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> on
the location of a nonprintable character does not return the character
itself, but its <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">wunctrl(3x)</A></STRONG> representation.
Adding spacing characters with <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> causes it to wrap at the right
margin of the window:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region and
advancement occurs at the right margin, the cursor automatically
wraps to the beginning of the next line.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region when
advancement occurs at the right margin, and <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is enabled
for <EM>win</EM>, the scrolling region scrolls up one line and the cursor
wraps as above. Otherwise, advancement and scrolling do not occur,
and <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.
A window's margins may coincide with the screen boundaries. This may
be a problem when <EM>ncurses</EM> updates the screen to match the curses
window. When their right and bottom margins coincide, <EM>ncurses</EM> uses
different strategies to handle the variations of scrolling and wrapping
at the lower-right corner by depending on the terminal capabilities:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal does not automatically wrap as characters are added
at the right margin (i.e., auto right margins), <EM>ncurses</EM> writes the
character directly.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal has auto right margins, but also has capabilities
for turning auto margins off and on, <EM>ncurses</EM> turns the auto margin
feature off temporarily when writing to the lower-right corner.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal has an insertion mode which can be turned off and
on, <EM>ncurses</EM> writes the character just before the lower-right
corner, and then inserts a character to push the update into the
corner.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wecho_wchar">wecho_wchar</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG> are equivalent to calling (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>
followed by (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>refresh</STRONG> on <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or the specified window. <EM>curses</EM>
interprets these functions as a hint that only a single (complex)
character is being output; for non-control characters, a considerable
<STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG> are equivalent to calling (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>
followed by (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>refresh</STRONG> on <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or the specified window. <EM>curses</EM>
interprets these functions as a hint that only a single (complex)
character is being output; for non-control characters, a considerable
performance gain may be enjoyed by employing them.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Forms-Drawing-Characters">Forms-Drawing Characters</a></H3><PRE>
<EM>curses</EM> defines macros starting with <STRONG>WACS_</STRONG> that can be used with
<STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> to write line-drawing and other symbols to the screen.
<EM>ncurses</EM> terms these <EM>forms-drawing</EM> <EM>characters.</EM> <EM>curses</EM> uses the ACS
default listed below if the terminal type lacks the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>)
capability; that capability does not define a replacement for the
character; or if the terminal type and locale configuration require
Unicode to access these characters, but the library is unable to use
Unicode. The "acsc char" column corresponds to how the characters are
<EM>curses</EM> defines macros starting with <STRONG>WACS_</STRONG> that can be used with
<STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> to write line-drawing and other symbols to the screen.
<EM>ncurses</EM> terms these <EM>forms-drawing</EM> <EM>characters.</EM> <EM>curses</EM> uses the ACS
default listed below if the terminal type lacks the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>)
capability; that capability does not define a replacement for the
character; or if the terminal type and locale configuration require
Unicode to access these characters, but the library is unable to use
Unicode. The "acsc char" column corresponds to how the characters are
specified in the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) string capability, and the characters
in it may appear on the screen if the terminal type's database entry
incorrectly advertises ACS support. The name "ACS" originates in the
in it may appear on the screen if the terminal type's database entry
incorrectly advertises ACS support. The name "ACS" originates in the
Alternate Character Set feature of the DEC VT100 terminal.
<STRONG>Unicode</STRONG> <STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG>
@ -222,6 +245,7 @@
<STRONG>WACS_CKBOARD</STRONG> U+2592 : a checker board (stipple)
<STRONG>WACS_DARROW</STRONG> U+2193 v . arrow pointing down
<STRONG>WACS_DEGREE</STRONG> U+00b0 ' f degree symbol
<STRONG>WACS_DIAMOND</STRONG> U+25c6 + ` diamond
<STRONG>WACS_GEQUAL</STRONG> U+2265 &gt; &gt; greater-than-or-equal-to
<STRONG>WACS_HLINE</STRONG> U+2500 - q horizontal line
@ -245,11 +269,10 @@
<STRONG>WACS_TTEE</STRONG> U+252c + w top tee
<STRONG>WACS_UARROW</STRONG> U+2191 ^ - arrow pointing up
<STRONG>WACS_ULCORNER</STRONG> U+250c + l upper left-hand corner
<STRONG>WACS_URCORNER</STRONG> U+2510 + k upper right-hand corner
<STRONG>WACS_VLINE</STRONG> U+2502 | x vertical line
The <EM>ncurses</EM> wide API also defines symbols for thick lines (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG> "J"
The <EM>ncurses</EM> wide API also defines symbols for thick lines (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG> "J"
through "N", "T" through "X", and "Q"):
<STRONG>Unicode</STRONG> <STRONG>ASCII</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG>
@ -284,9 +307,9 @@
<STRONG>WACS_D_URCORNER</STRONG> U+2557 + B double upper right corner
<STRONG>WACS_D_VLINE</STRONG> U+2551 | Y double vertical line
Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from
<EM>ncurses</EM>, by introducing the term "light" (along with less important
details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double
Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from
<EM>ncurses</EM>, by introducing the term "light" (along with less important
details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double
horizontal lines:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
@ -303,31 +326,31 @@
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the <EM>curses</EM> screen has not been initialized,
<STRONG>o</STRONG> (for functions taking a <EM>WINDOW</EM> pointer argument) <EM>win</EM> is a null
<STRONG>o</STRONG> (for functions taking a <EM>WINDOW</EM> pointer argument) <EM>win</EM> is a null
pointer,
<STRONG>o</STRONG> wrapping to a new line is impossible because <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> has not
been called on <EM>win</EM> (or <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, as applicable) when writing to its
<STRONG>o</STRONG> wrapping to a new line is impossible because <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> has not
been called on <EM>win</EM> (or <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, as applicable) when writing to its
bottom right location is attempted, or
<STRONG>o</STRONG> it is not possible to add a complete character at the cursor
<STRONG>o</STRONG> it is not possible to add a complete character at the cursor
position.
Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the window boundaries.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwadd_wch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG> may be implemented as
<STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwadd_wch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG> may be implemented as
macros.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
The symbols <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S3</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S7</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>GEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PI</EM>,
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NEQUAL</EM>, and <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM> are not standard. However, many
publicly available <EM>terminfo</EM> entries include <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>)
capabilities in which their key characters (<STRONG>pryz{|}</STRONG>) are embedded, and
a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come to light.
The symbols <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S3</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S7</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>GEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PI</EM>,
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NEQUAL</EM>, and <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM> are not standard. However, many
publicly available <EM>terminfo</EM> entries include <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>)
capabilities in which their key characters (<STRONG>pryz{|}</STRONG>) are embedded, and
a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come to light.
The <EM>ncurses</EM> developers invented WACS-prefixed names for them.
@ -335,59 +358,59 @@
Applications employing <EM>ncurses</EM> extensions should condition their use on
the visibility of the <STRONG>NCURSES_VERSION</STRONG> preprocessor macro.
These functions are described in X/Open Curses Issue 4. It specifies
These functions are described in X/Open Curses Issue 4. It specifies
no error conditions for them.
The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
locale. X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be
defined as a pointer to <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> data, e.g., in the discussion of
The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
locale. X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be
defined as a pointer to <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> data, e.g., in the discussion of
<EM>border</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>set</EM>. A few implementations are problematic:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD <EM>curses</EM> defines the symbols as a <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> within a <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> equates some of the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols as if the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters. The
misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not
<STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> equates some of the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols as if the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters. The
misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not
used for line-drawing.
X/Open Curses does not specify symbols for thick- or double-lines.
X/Open Curses does not specify symbols for thick- or double-lines.
SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms
of intermediate symbols. <EM>ncurses</EM> extends those symbols, providing new
of intermediate symbols. <EM>ncurses</EM> extends those symbols, providing new
definitions not found in SVr4 implementations.
Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style
Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style
alternate character sets (i.e., the <EM>acsc</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>chars</EM> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) capability), with
their corresponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not
their corresponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not
address the aspect of integrating Unicode with line-drawing characters.
Existing implementations of System V <EM>curses</EM> (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris) use
only the <EM>acsc</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>chars</EM> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) character-mapping to provide this feature.
As a result, those implementations can use only single-byte line-
drawing characters. <EM>ncurses</EM> 5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode
values to solve these problems. NetBSD <EM>curses</EM> incorporated that table
Existing implementations of System V <EM>curses</EM> (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris) use
only the <EM>acsc</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>chars</EM> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) character-mapping to provide this feature.
As a result, those implementations can use only single-byte line-
drawing characters. <EM>ncurses</EM> 5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode
values to solve these problems. NetBSD <EM>curses</EM> incorporated that table
in 2010.
<EM>ncurses</EM> uses the Unicode values instead of the terminal type
<EM>ncurses</EM> uses the Unicode values instead of the terminal type
description's <EM>acsc</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>chars</EM> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) mapping as discussed in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG> for
the environment variable <EM>NCURSES</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>UTF8</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>ACS</EM>. In contrast, for the
the environment variable <EM>NCURSES</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>UTF8</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>ACS</EM>. In contrast, for the
same cases, the line-drawing characters described in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">addch(3x)</A></STRONG> will use
only the ASCII default values.
Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line-
Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line-
drawing for <EM>curses</EM>:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics <EM>S1</EM>, <EM>S3</EM>, <EM>S7</EM>,
and <EM>S9</EM> frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics <EM>S1</EM>, <EM>S3</EM>, <EM>S7</EM>,
and <EM>S9</EM> frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which
the terminal used.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>lantern</EM> is a special case. It originated with the AT&amp;T 4410
terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>lantern</EM> is a special case. It originated with the AT&amp;T 4410
terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation
depicting the lantern symbol on the AT&amp;T terminal.
Lacking documentation, most readers assume that a <EM>storm</EM> <EM>lantern</EM> was
intended. But there are several possibilities, all with problems.
Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and
U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant
Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and
U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant
since they lie outside the Basic Multilingual Plane and as a result
are unavailable on many terminals. They are not storm lanterns, in
any case.
@ -395,20 +418,20 @@
Most <EM>storm</EM> <EM>lanterns</EM> have a tapering glass chimney (to guard against
tipping); some have a wire grid protecting the chimney.
For the tapering appearance, U+2603 was adequate. In use on a
For the tapering appearance, U+2603 was adequate. In use on a
terminal, no one can tell what the image represents. Unicode calls
it a snowman.
Others have suggested these alternatives: &lt;section&gt; U+00A7 (section
mark), &lt;Theta&gt; U+0398 (theta), &lt;Phi&gt; U+03A6 (phi), &lt;delta&gt; U+03B4
mark), &lt;Theta&gt; U+0398 (theta), &lt;Phi&gt; U+03A6 (phi), &lt;delta&gt; U+03B4
(delta), U+2327 (x in a rectangle), U+256C (forms double vertical
and horizontal), and U+2612 (ballot box with x).
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Complex-Characters">Complex Characters</a></H3><PRE>
The complex character type <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> can store more than one wide
character (<EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>). X/Open Curses does not mention this possibility,
specifying behavior only where <EM>wch</EM> is a single character, either
The complex character type <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> can store more than one wide
character (<EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>). X/Open Curses does not mention this possibility,
specifying behavior only where <EM>wch</EM> is a single character, either
spacing or non-spacing.
<EM>ncurses</EM> assumes that <EM>wch</EM> is constructed using <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">setcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>, and in turn
@ -419,22 +442,22 @@
<STRONG>o</STRONG> holds one non-spacing character.
In the latter case, <EM>ncurses</EM> adds the non-spacing character to the
In the latter case, <EM>ncurses</EM> adds the non-spacing character to the
active complex character.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
X/Open Curses Issue 4 (1995) initially specified these functions. The
X/Open Curses Issue 4 (1995) initially specified these functions. The
System V Interface Definition (SVID) Version 4 of the same year
specified functions named <EM>waddwch</EM> (and the usual variants), <EM>echowchar</EM>,
specified functions named <EM>waddwch</EM> (and the usual variants), <EM>echowchar</EM>,
and <EM>wechowchar</EM>. These were later additions to SVr4.<EM>x</EM>, not appearing in
the first SVr4 (1989). They differed from X/Open's later <EM>wadd</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> and
<EM>wecho</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>wchar</EM> in that they each took an argument of type <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> instead
the first SVr4 (1989). They differed from X/Open's later <EM>wadd</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> and
<EM>wecho</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>wchar</EM> in that they each took an argument of type <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> instead
of <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>. SVID defined no <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols.
X/Open Curses Issue 4 also defined many of the <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants,
X/Open Curses Issue 4 also defined many of the <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants,
excepting <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>GEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NEQUAL</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PI</EM>, <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S3</EM>,
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S7</EM>, and <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM>; and those for drawing thick and double
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S7</EM>, and <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM>; and those for drawing thick and double
lines.
<EM>ncurses</EM> 5.3 (2002) furnished the remaining <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants.
@ -445,12 +468,12 @@
its non-wide-character configuration.
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putwc(3)</STRONG>
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-05 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-19 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
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@ -28,19 +28,19 @@
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* @Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.135 2025/04/05 21:58:37 tom Exp @
* @Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.136 2025/04/19 22:53:46 tom Exp @
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<H1 class="no-header">curs_addch 3x 2025-04-05 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<H1 class="no-header">curs_addch 3x 2025-04-19 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
@ -119,16 +119,6 @@
is a <EM>blank</EM> <EM>character</EM>, and therefore combines with the window's
background character; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>.
If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region and
advancement occurs at the right margin, the cursor automatically wraps
to the beginning of the next line.
If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region when advancement
occurs at the right margin, and <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is enabled for <EM>win</EM>, the
scrolling region scrolls up one line and the cursor wraps as above.
Otherwise, advancement and scrolling do not occur, and <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> returns
<STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.
If <EM>ch</EM> is a backspace, carriage return, line feed, or tab, the cursor
moves appropriately within the window.
@ -142,37 +132,70 @@
margin.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Tab advances the cursor to the next tab stop (possibly on the next
line); these are placed at every eighth column by default. Alter
the tab interval with the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> extension; see
line); these are placed at every eighth column by default.
Alter the tab interval with the <STRONG>TABSIZE</STRONG> extension; see
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>.
If <EM>ch</EM> is any other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
If <EM>ch</EM> is any other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
form using the same convention as <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>. Calling <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">winch(3x)</A></STRONG> on the
location of a nonprintable character does not return the character
location of a nonprintable character does not return the character
itself, but its <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG> representation.
Adding printable characters with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> causes it to wrap at the right
margin of the window:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region and
advancement occurs at the right margin, the cursor automatically
wraps to the beginning of the next line.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region when
advancement occurs at the right margin, and <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> is enabled
for <EM>win</EM>, the scrolling region scrolls up one line and the cursor
wraps as above. Otherwise, advancement and scrolling do not occur,
and <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.
A window's margins may coincide with the screen boundaries. This may
be a problem when <EM>ncurses</EM> updates the screen to match the curses
window. When their right and bottom margins coincide, <EM>ncurses</EM> uses
different strategies to handle the variations of scrolling and wrapping
at the lower-right corner by depending on the terminal capabilities:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal does not automatically wrap as characters are added
at the right margin (i.e., auto right margins), <EM>ncurses</EM> writes the
character directly.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal has auto right margins, but also has capabilities
for turning auto margins off and on, <EM>ncurses</EM> turns the auto margin
feature off temporarily when writing to the lower-right corner.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal has an insertion mode which can be turned off and
on, <EM>ncurses</EM> writes the character just before the lower-right
corner, and then inserts a character to push the update into the
corner.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-wechochar">wechochar</a></H3><PRE>
<STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> are equivalent to calling (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by
(<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>refresh</STRONG> on <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or the specified window. <EM>curses</EM> interprets these
functions as a hint to its optimizer that only a single character cell
in the window is being altered between refreshes; for non-control
<STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> are equivalent to calling (<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by
(<STRONG>w</STRONG>)<STRONG>refresh</STRONG> on <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or the specified window. <EM>curses</EM> interprets these
functions as a hint to its optimizer that only a single character cell
in the window is being altered between refreshes; for non-control
characters, a considerable performance gain may be enjoyed by employing
them.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Forms-Drawing-Characters">Forms-Drawing Characters</a></H3><PRE>
<EM>curses</EM> defines macros starting with <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> that can be used with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
to write line-drawing and other symbols to the screen. <EM>ncurses</EM> terms
these <EM>forms-drawing</EM> <EM>characters.</EM> <EM>curses</EM> uses the ACS default listed
below if the terminal type lacks the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) capability; that
capability does not define a replacement for the character; or if the
terminal type and locale configuration require Unicode to access these
characters, but the library is unable to use Unicode. The "acsc char"
<EM>curses</EM> defines macros starting with <STRONG>ACS_</STRONG> that can be used with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
to write line-drawing and other symbols to the screen. <EM>ncurses</EM> terms
these <EM>forms-drawing</EM> <EM>characters.</EM> <EM>curses</EM> uses the ACS default listed
below if the terminal type lacks the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) capability; that
capability does not define a replacement for the character; or if the
terminal type and locale configuration require Unicode to access these
characters, but the library is unable to use Unicode. The "acsc char"
column corresponds to how the characters are specified in the <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG>
(<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) string capability, and the characters in it may appear on the
(<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) string capability, and the characters in it may appear on the
screen if the terminal type's database entry incorrectly advertises ACS
support. The name "ACS" originates in the Alternate Character Set
support. The name "ACS" originates in the Alternate Character Set
feature of the DEC VT100 terminal.
<STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG>
@ -180,7 +203,6 @@
------------------------------------------------------------------------
<STRONG>ACS_BLOCK</STRONG> # 0 solid square block
<STRONG>ACS_BOARD</STRONG> # h board of squares
<STRONG>ACS_BTEE</STRONG> + v bottom tee
<STRONG>ACS_BULLET</STRONG> o ~ bullet
<STRONG>ACS_CKBOARD</STRONG> : a checker board (stipple)
@ -220,27 +242,27 @@
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the <EM>curses</EM> screen has not been initialized,
<STRONG>o</STRONG> (for functions taking a <EM>WINDOW</EM> pointer argument) <EM>win</EM> is a null
<STRONG>o</STRONG> (for functions taking a <EM>WINDOW</EM> pointer argument) <EM>win</EM> is a null
pointer,
<STRONG>o</STRONG> wrapping to a new line is impossible because <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> has not
been called on <EM>win</EM> (or <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, as applicable) when a write to its
<STRONG>o</STRONG> wrapping to a new line is impossible because <STRONG><A HREF="scrollok.3x.html">scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG> has not
been called on <EM>win</EM> (or <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, as applicable) when a write to its
bottom right location is attempted, or
<STRONG>o</STRONG> it is not possible to add a complete character at the cursor
<STRONG>o</STRONG> it is not possible to add a complete character at the cursor
position.
The last may be due to different causes:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> conversion of a wide character to a multibyte character sequence
<STRONG>o</STRONG> conversion of a wide character to a multibyte character sequence
can fail, or
<STRONG>o</STRONG> at least one of the bytes resulting from wide character conversion
to a multibyte character sequence cannot be added to the window.
See section "PORTABILITY" below regarding the use of <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> with
<STRONG>o</STRONG> at least one of the bytes resulting from wide character conversion
to a multibyte character sequence cannot be added to the window.
See section "PORTABILITY" below regarding the use of <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> with
wide characters.
Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the window boundaries.
@ -250,11 +272,11 @@
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
The symbols <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S3</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S7</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>GEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PI</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NEQUAL</EM>,
and <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM> were not documented in any publicly released System V
and are not standard. However, many publicly available <EM>terminfo</EM>
entries include <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) capabilities in which their key
characters (<STRONG>pryz{|}</STRONG>) are embedded, and a second-hand list of their
character descriptions has come to light. The <EM>ncurses</EM> developers
and <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM> were not documented in any publicly released System V
and are not standard. However, many publicly available <EM>terminfo</EM>
entries include <STRONG>acs_chars</STRONG> (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG>) capabilities in which their key
characters (<STRONG>pryz{|}</STRONG>) are embedded, and a second-hand list of their
character descriptions has come to light. The <EM>ncurses</EM> developers
invented ACS-prefixed names for them.
@ -265,79 +287,79 @@
X/Open Curses Issue 4 describes these functions. It specifies no error
conditions for them.
SVr4 describes a successful return value only as "an integer value
SVr4 describes a successful return value only as "an integer value
other than <EM>ERR</EM>".
The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
The defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
locale.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-ACS-Symbols">ACS Symbols</a></H3><PRE>
X/Open Curses states that the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> definitions are <EM>char</EM> constants.
X/Open Curses states that the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> definitions are <EM>char</EM> constants.
Some implementations are problematic.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Solaris <EM>curses</EM>, for example, defines the ACS symbols as constants;
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Solaris <EM>curses</EM>, for example, defines the ACS symbols as constants;
others define them as elements of an array.
SVr4 used an array, <EM>acs</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>map</EM>, as does <EM>ncurses</EM>. NetBSD <EM>curses</EM> also
uses an array, actually named <STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>acs</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>char</EM>, with a "#define" for
SVr4 used an array, <EM>acs</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>map</EM>, as does <EM>ncurses</EM>. NetBSD <EM>curses</EM> also
uses an array, actually named <STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>acs</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>char</EM>, with a "#define" for
compatibility.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> equates some of the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols as if the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters (see
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>). The misdefined symbols are the arrows and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> equates some of the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous
<EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols as if the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters (see
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>). The misdefined symbols are the arrows and
others that are not used for line drawing.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses (Issues 2 through 7) has a typographical error for
the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LANTERN</EM> symbol, equating its "VT100+ Character" to "I"
(capital I), while the header files for SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> and other
<STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses (Issues 2 through 7) has a typographical error for
the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LANTERN</EM> symbol, equating its "VT100+ Character" to "I"
(capital I), while the header files for SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> and other
implementations use "i" (small i).
None of the terminal descriptions on Unix platforms use uppercase
I, except for Solaris (in its <EM>terminfo</EM> entry for <STRONG>screen(1)</STRONG>,
apparently based on the X/Open documentation around 1995). On the
other hand, its <STRONG>gs6300</STRONG> (AT&amp;T PC6300 with EMOTS Terminal Emulator)
None of the terminal descriptions on Unix platforms use uppercase
I, except for Solaris (in its <EM>terminfo</EM> entry for <STRONG>screen(1)</STRONG>,
apparently based on the X/Open documentation around 1995). On the
other hand, its <STRONG>gs6300</STRONG> (AT&amp;T PC6300 with EMOTS Terminal Emulator)
description uses lowercase i.
The <EM>displayed</EM> values of <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants depend on
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the <EM>ncurses</EM> ABI -- for example, wide-character versus non-wide-
character configurations (the former is capable of displaying
<STRONG>o</STRONG> the <EM>ncurses</EM> ABI -- for example, wide-character versus non-wide-
character configurations (the former is capable of displaying
Unicode while the latter is not), and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> whether the locale uses UTF-8 encoding.
In certain cases, the terminal is unable to display forms-drawing
characters <EM>except</EM> by using UTF-8; see the discussion of the
In certain cases, the terminal is unable to display forms-drawing
characters <EM>except</EM> by using UTF-8; see the discussion of the
<EM>NCURSES</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>UTF8</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>ACS</EM> environment variable in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Character-Set">Character Set</a></H3><PRE>
X/Open Curses assumes that the parameter passed to <EM>waddch</EM> contains a
single character. That character may have been more than eight bits
wide in an SVr3 or SVr4 implementation, but X/Open Curses leaves the
width of a non-wide character code unspecified. The standard further
does not specify the internal structure of a <EM>chtype</EM>, though the use of
bit operations to combine the character code with attributes and a
X/Open Curses assumes that the parameter passed to <EM>waddch</EM> contains a
single character. That character may have been more than eight bits
wide in an SVr3 or SVr4 implementation, but X/Open Curses leaves the
width of a non-wide character code unspecified. The standard further
does not specify the internal structure of a <EM>chtype</EM>, though the use of
bit operations to combine the character code with attributes and a
color pair identifier into a <EM>chtype</EM> for passage to <EM>waddch</EM> is common. A
portable application uses only the macros discussed in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> to
manipulate a <EM>chtype</EM>.
In <EM>ncurses</EM>, <EM>chtype</EM> holds an eight-bit character, but the library allows
a multibyte character sequence to be passed via a succession of calls
to <EM>waddch</EM>. Other implementations do not; a <EM>waddch</EM> call transmits
exactly one character, which may be rendered in one or more screen
locations depending on whether it is printable (see <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>).
Depending on the locale, <EM>ncurses</EM> inspects the byte passed in each
<EM>waddch</EM> call and checks whether the latest call continues a multibyte
character. When a character is <EM>complete</EM>, <EM>ncurses</EM> displays the
character and advances the cursor. If the calling application
a multibyte character sequence to be passed via a succession of calls
to <EM>waddch</EM>. Other implementations do not; a <EM>waddch</EM> call transmits
exactly one character, which may be rendered in one or more screen
locations depending on whether it is printable (see <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>).
Depending on the locale, <EM>ncurses</EM> inspects the byte passed in each
<EM>waddch</EM> call and checks whether the latest call continues a multibyte
character. When a character is <EM>complete</EM>, <EM>ncurses</EM> displays the
character and advances the cursor. If the calling application
interrupts the succession of bytes in a multibyte character sequence by
changing the current location -- for example, with <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">wmove(3x)</A></STRONG> -- <EM>ncurses</EM>
discards the incomplete character.
For portability to other implementations, do not rely upon the
foregoing behavior. Check whether a character can be represented as a
foregoing behavior. Check whether a character can be represented as a
single byte in the current locale.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If it can, call either <EM>waddch</EM> or <EM>wadd</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>wch</EM>.
@ -348,24 +370,24 @@
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
4BSD (1980) introduced <EM>waddch</EM> and its variants.
SVr3 (1987) added the <EM>echochar</EM> and <EM>wechochar</EM> functions and most of the
<EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants, except for <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>GEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PI</EM>,
SVr3 (1987) added the <EM>echochar</EM> and <EM>wechochar</EM> functions and most of the
<EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants, except for <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>GEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>LEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NEQUAL</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PI</EM>,
<EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S3</EM>, <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>S7</EM>, and <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>STERLING</EM>.
<EM>ncurses</EM> 1.9.6 (1995) furnished the remaining <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> constants.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> describes comparable functions of the <EM>ncurses</EM> library
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> describes comparable functions of the <EM>ncurses</EM> library
in its wide-character configuration (<EM>ncursesw</EM>).
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putchar(3)</STRONG>
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-05 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-19 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
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@ -27,19 +27,19 @@
* sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
* authorization. *
****************************************************************************
* @Id: curs_printw.3x,v 1.60 2025/04/05 22:20:25 tom Exp @
* @Id: curs_printw.3x,v 1.61 2025/04/19 23:28:38 tom Exp @
-->
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<H1 class="no-header">curs_printw 3x 2025-04-05 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<H1 class="no-header">curs_printw 3x 2025-04-19 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-05 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-19 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
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doc/html/man/ncurses.3x.html
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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
displays with output optimized to minimize screen updates. <EM>ncurses</EM>
replaces the <EM>curses</EM> libraries from System V Release 4 Unix ("SVr4") and
4.4BSD Unix, the development of which ceased in the 1990s. This
document describes <EM>ncurses</EM> version 6.5 (patch 20250405).
document describes <EM>ncurses</EM> version 6.5 (patch 20250419).
<EM>ncurses</EM> permits control of the terminal screen's contents; abstraction
and subdivision thereof with <EM>windows</EM> and <EM>pads</EM>; acquisition of keyboard

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doc/html/man/terminfo.5.html
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@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
have, by specifying how to perform screen operations, and by specifying
padding requirements and initialization sequences.
This document describes <EM>ncurses</EM> version 6.5 (patch 20250405).
This document describes <EM>ncurses</EM> version 6.5 (patch 20250419).
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-terminfo-Entry-Syntax"><EM>terminfo</EM> Entry Syntax</a></H3><PRE>

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doc/html/man/user_caps.5.html
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 class="no-header">user_caps 5 2025-03-22 ncurses 6.5 File formats</H1>
<H1 class="no-header">user_caps 5 2025-04-05 ncurses 6.5 File formats</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG> File formats <STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG>
@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
ncurses 6.5 2025-03-22 <STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG>
ncurses 6.5 2025-04-05 <STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG>
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72
man/curs_add_wch.3x
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@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
.\" $Id: curs_add_wch.3x,v 1.114 2025/04/05 21:58:37 tom Exp $
.TH curs_add_wch 3X 2025-04-05 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
.\" $Id: curs_add_wch.3x,v 1.115 2025/04/19 22:53:52 tom Exp $
.TH curs_add_wch 3X 2025-04-19 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds `` \(lq
.ds '' \(rq
@ -191,26 +191,6 @@ are not written at the new cursor position but combine with the active
complex character until another spacing character is written to the
window or the cursor is moved.
.PP
If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region
and advancement occurs at the right margin,
the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
.PP
If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region
when advancement occurs at the right margin,
and \fB\%scrollok\fP(3X) is enabled for
.IR win ,
the scrolling region scrolls up one line
and the cursor wraps as above.
Otherwise,
advancement and scrolling do not occur,
and
.B \%waddch
returns
.BR ERR "."
.\" Does writing to the bottom-right character cell of the screen work
.\" when `scrollok()` is disabled and the terminal lacks `ich` and
.\" `ich1` capabilities?
.PP
If
.I wch
is a
@ -234,6 +214,7 @@ then advances as if from the right margin.
Tab advances the cursor to the next tab stop
(possibly on the next line);
these are placed at every eighth column by default.
.IP
Alter the tab interval with the
.B \%TABSIZE
extension;
@ -247,6 +228,53 @@ it is drawn in printable form using the same convention as
Calling \fB\%win_wch\fP(3X) on the location of a nonprintable character
does not return the character itself,
but its \fB\%wunctrl\fP(3X) representation.
.PP
Adding spacing characters with \fB\%wadd_wch\fP
causes it to wrap at the right margin of the window:
.bP
If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region
and advancement occurs at the right margin,
the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
.bP
If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region
when advancement occurs at the right margin,
and \fB\%scrollok\fP(3X) is enabled for
.IR win ,
the scrolling region scrolls up one line
and the cursor wraps as above.
Otherwise,
advancement and scrolling do not occur,
and
.B \%wadd_wch
returns
.BR ERR "."
.PP
A window's margins may coincide with the screen boundaries.
This may be a problem when
.I \%ncurses
updates the screen to match the curses window.
When their right and bottom margins coincide,
.I \%ncurses
uses different strategies to handle the variations of scrolling and wrapping
at the lower-right corner
by depending on the terminal capabilities:
.bP
If the terminal does not automatically wrap as characters
are added at the right margin
(i.e., auto right margins),
.I \%ncurses
writes the character directly.
.bP
If the terminal has auto right margins,
but also has capabilities for turning auto margins off and on,
.I \%ncurses
turns the auto margin feature off temporarily
when writing to the lower-right corner.
.bP
If the terminal has an insertion mode which can be turned off and on,
.I \%ncurses
writes the character just before the lower-right corner,
and then inserts a character to push the update into the corner.
.SS wecho_wchar
.B \%echo_wchar
and

72
man/curs_addch.3x
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@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
.\" $Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.135 2025/04/05 21:58:37 tom Exp $
.TH curs_addch 3X 2025-04-05 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
.\" $Id: curs_addch.3x,v 1.136 2025/04/19 22:53:46 tom Exp $
.TH curs_addch 3X 2025-04-19 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds `` \(lq
.ds '' \(rq
@ -149,26 +149,6 @@ is a
and therefore combines with the window's background character;
see \fB\%curs_bkgd\fP(3X).
.PP
If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region
and advancement occurs at the right margin,
the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
.PP
If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region
when advancement occurs at the right margin,
and \fB\%scrollok\fP(3X) is enabled for
.IR win ,
the scrolling region scrolls up one line
and the cursor wraps as above.
Otherwise,
advancement and scrolling do not occur,
and
.B \%waddch
returns
.BR ERR "."
.\" Does writing to the bottom-right character cell of the screen work
.\" when `scrollok()` is disabled and the terminal lacks `ich` and
.\" `ich1` capabilities?
.PP
If
.I ch
is a
@ -192,6 +172,7 @@ then advances as if from the right margin.
Tab advances the cursor to the next tab stop
(possibly on the next line);
these are placed at every eighth column by default.
.IP
Alter the tab interval with the
.B \%TABSIZE
extension;
@ -205,6 +186,53 @@ it is drawn in printable form using the same convention as
Calling \fB\%winch\fP(3X) on the location of a nonprintable character
does not return the character itself,
but its \fB\%unctrl\fP(3X) representation.
.PP
Adding printable characters with \fB\%waddch\fP
causes it to wrap at the right margin of the window:
.bP
If the cursor is not at the bottom of the scrolling region
and advancement occurs at the right margin,
the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.
.bP
If the cursor is at the bottom of the scrolling region
when advancement occurs at the right margin,
and \fB\%scrollok\fP(3X) is enabled for
.IR win ,
the scrolling region scrolls up one line
and the cursor wraps as above.
Otherwise,
advancement and scrolling do not occur,
and
.B \%waddch
returns
.BR ERR "."
.PP
A window's margins may coincide with the screen boundaries.
This may be a problem when
.I \%ncurses
updates the screen to match the curses window.
When their right and bottom margins coincide,
.I \%ncurses
uses different strategies to handle the variations of scrolling and wrapping
at the lower-right corner
by depending on the terminal capabilities:
.bP
If the terminal does not automatically wrap as characters
are added at the right margin
(i.e., auto right margins),
.I \%ncurses
writes the character directly.
.bP
If the terminal has auto right margins,
but also has capabilities for turning auto margins off and on,
.I \%ncurses
turns the auto margin feature off temporarily
when writing to the lower-right corner.
.bP
If the terminal has an insertion mode which can be turned off and on,
.I \%ncurses
writes the character just before the lower-right corner,
and then inserts a character to push the update into the corner.
.SS wechochar
.B \%echochar
and

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man/curs_printw.3x
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.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
.\" $Id: curs_printw.3x,v 1.60 2025/04/05 22:20:25 tom Exp $
.TH curs_printw 3X 2025-04-05 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
.\" $Id: curs_printw.3x,v 1.61 2025/04/19 23:28:38 tom Exp $
.TH curs_printw 3X 2025-04-19 "ncurses @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@" "Library calls"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds `` \(lq
.ds '' \(rq
@ -209,6 +209,19 @@ to the given window.
.\" GBR can't find a source to cite for this paraphrase,
.\" even after checking
.\" <https://github.com/ryanwoodsmall/oldsysv/tree/master>.
.\"
.\" The indicated paraphrase is from page 432:
.\" Unix System V Programmer's Reference Manual
.\" Prentice-Hall
.\" ISBN 0-13-940479-1
.\" (bitsavers has 3rd printing from 1987)
.\"
.\" This lists mvprintw without detail, and printw as "printf on stdscr":
.\" Unix Programmer's Manual
.\" System Calls and Library Routines
.\" CBS College Publishing's UNIX System Library
.\" Holt, Rinehard and Winston, 1986
.\" ISBN 0-03-009314-7
.PP
SVr3 added
.IR \%vwprintw ","

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package/debian-mingw/changelog
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
ncurses6td (6.5+20250412) unstable; urgency=low
ncurses6td (6.5+20250419) unstable; urgency=low
* latest weekly patch
-- Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net> Sat, 12 Apr 2025 06:27:36 -0400
-- Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net> Sat, 19 Apr 2025 06:37:06 -0400
ncurses6 (5.9+20131005) unstable; urgency=low

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package/debian-mingw64/changelog
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
ncurses6td (6.5+20250412) unstable; urgency=low
ncurses6td (6.5+20250419) unstable; urgency=low
* latest weekly patch
-- Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net> Sat, 12 Apr 2025 06:27:36 -0400
-- Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net> Sat, 19 Apr 2025 06:37:06 -0400
ncurses6 (5.9+20131005) unstable; urgency=low

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package/debian/changelog
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
ncurses6td (6.5+20250412) unstable; urgency=low
ncurses6td (6.5+20250419) unstable; urgency=low
* latest weekly patch
-- Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net> Sat, 12 Apr 2025 06:27:36 -0400
-- Thomas E. Dickey <dickey@invisible-island.net> Sat, 19 Apr 2025 06:37:06 -0400
ncurses6 (5.9+20120608) unstable; urgency=low

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package/mingw-ncurses.nsi
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
; $Id: mingw-ncurses.nsi,v 1.698 2025/04/12 10:27:36 tom Exp $
; $Id: mingw-ncurses.nsi,v 1.699 2025/04/19 10:37:06 tom Exp $
; TODO add examples
; TODO bump ABI to 6
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
!define VERSION_MAJOR "6"
!define VERSION_MINOR "5"
!define VERSION_YYYY "2025"
!define VERSION_MMDD "0412"
!define VERSION_MMDD "0419"
!define VERSION_PATCH ${VERSION_YYYY}${VERSION_MMDD}
!define MY_ABI "5"

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package/mingw-ncurses.spec
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
Summary: shared libraries for terminal handling
Name: mingw32-ncurses6
Version: 6.5
Release: 20250412
Release: 20250419
License: X11
Group: Development/Libraries
URL: https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/

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package/ncurses.spec
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Summary: shared libraries for terminal handling
Name: ncurses6
Version: 6.5
Release: 20250412
Release: 20250419
License: X11
Group: Development/Libraries
URL: https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/

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package/ncursest.spec
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Summary: Curses library with POSIX thread support.
Name: ncursest6
Version: 6.5
Release: 20250412
Release: 20250419
License: X11
Group: Development/Libraries
Source: ncurses-%{version}-%{release}.tgz