620ba74778
NODEs in AST are no longer objects managed by GC. This change will
remove the restriction imposed by the GC. For example, a NODE can use
more than five words (this is my primary purpose; we want to store the
position data for each NODE, for coverage library), or even a NODE can
have variable length (some kinds of NODEs have unused fields).
To do this, however, we need more work, since Ripper still uses T_NODE
objects managed by the GC.
The life time of NODEs is more obvious than other kinds of objects; they
are created at parsing, and they become disused immediately after
compilation. This change releases all NODEs by a few `xfree`s after
compilation, so performance will be improved a bit. In extreme example,
`eval("x=1;" * 10000000)` runs much faster (40 sec. -> 7.8 sec. on my
machine).
The most important part of this change is `ast_t` struct, which has
three contents: (1) NODE buffer (malloc'ed memory), (2) a reference to
the root NODE, and (3) an array that contains objects that must be
marked during parsing (such as literal objects). Some functions that
had received `NODE*` arguments, must now receive `ast_t*`.
* node.c, node.h: defines `ast_t` struct and related operations.
* gc.c, internal.h: defines `imemo_ast`.
* parse.y: makes `parser_params` struct have a reference to `ast_t`.
Instead of `rb_node_newnode`, use `rb_ast_newnode` to create a NODE.
* iseq.c, load.c, ruby.c, template/prelude.c.tmpl: modifies some
functions to handle `ast_t*` instead of `NODE*`.
* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: ad-hoc fix for a failed test. The test assumes
GC eden is increased at startup by NODE object creation. However,
this change now create no NODE object, so GC eden is not necessarily
increased.
git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@60485 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e
What's Ruby
Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text files and to do system management tasks (as in Perl). It is simple, straight-forward, and extensible.
Features of Ruby
- Simple Syntax
- Normal Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)
- Advanced Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)
- Operator Overloading
- Exception Handling
- Iterators and Closures
- Garbage Collection
- Dynamic Loading of Object Files (on some architectures)
- Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as well as Windows, macOS, Haiku, etc.) cf. https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/SupportedPlatforms
How to get Ruby
For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third-party tools like rvm, see:
https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
The Ruby distribution files can be found on the following FTP site:
ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/
The trunk of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following command:
$ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/ ruby
Or if you are using git then use the following command:
$ git clone git://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
There are some other branches under development. Try the following command to see the list of branches:
$ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
Or if you are using git then use the following command:
$ git ls-remote git://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
Ruby home page
The URL of the Ruby home page is:
Mailing list
There is a mailing list to talk about Ruby. To subscribe to this list, please send the following phrase:
subscribe
in the mail body (not subject) to the address mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org.
How to compile and install
This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
-
If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile Ruby, read win32/README.win32 instead of this document.
-
If
./configuredoes not exist or is older thanconfigure.ac, runautoconfto (re)generate configure. -
Run
./configure, which will generateconfig.handMakefile.Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your environment. Specify
optflags=..andwarnflags=..as necessary to override them. -
Edit
defines.hif you need. Usually this step will not be needed. -
Remove comment mark(
#) before the module names fromext/Setup(or add module names if not present), if you want to link modules statically.If you don't want to compile non static extension modules (probably on architectures which do not allow dynamic loading), remove comment mark from the line "
#option nodynamic" inext/Setup.Usually this step will not be needed.
-
Run
make.- On Mac, set RUBY_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
It uses the identity to sign
rubybinary. See also codesign(1).
- On Mac, set RUBY_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
It uses the identity to sign
-
Optionally, run '
make check' to check whether the compiled Ruby interpreter works well. If you see the message "check succeeded", your Ruby works as it should (hopefully). -
Optionally, Run
make update-gemsandmake extract-gemsIf you want to install bundled gems, run
make update-gemsandextract-gemsbefore runmake install. -
Run '
make install'This command will create the following directories and install files into them.
${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system
If Ruby's API version is 'x.y.z', the
${MAJOR}is 'x', the${MINOR}is 'y', and the${TEENY}is 'z'.NOTE: teeny of the API version may be different from one of Ruby's program version
You may have to be a super user to install Ruby.
If you fail to compile Ruby, please send the detailed error report with the error log and machine/OS type, to help others.
Some extension libraries may not get compiled because of lack of necessary
external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run 'make distclean-ext'
to remove old configuration after installing them in such case.
Copying
See the file COPYING.
Feedback
Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the Ruby-Talk mailing list (https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) or on websites like (https://stackoverflow.com).
Bug reports should be filed at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read HowToReport for more information.
Contributing
See the file CONTRIBUTING.md
The Author
Ruby was originally designed and developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in 1995.